Leonard Research Group
Publications
41. Invited book chapter Leonard, B. M. “Metal carbide materials for water splitting catalysis” Encyclopedia
of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry – accepted
40. Rane, K., Adams, J. J., Thode, J. M., Leonard, B. M., Huo, J., Goual, L. (2021)
“Multistep Fractionation of Coal and Application for Graphene Synthesis” ACS Omega,
6, 25,16573-16583.
39. Masi, C. A., Schumacher, T.A., Hilman, J., Dulal, R., Rimal, G., Xu, B., Leonard,
B.M., Tang, J., Fan, M., Chien, T. (2021) “Converting raw coal powder into polycrystalline
nano-graphite by metal-assisted microwave treatment” Nano Structures and Nano Objects,
25, 100660.
38. P. Samarawickrama, R. Dulal, Z. Fu, U. Erugu, W. Wang, J.F. Ackerman, B.M. Leonard,
J. Tang, T. Chien, J Tian (2021) “Observation of Superconductivity in Two-dimensional
2M-WS2 Thin Layers" ACS Omega, 6 (4), 2966-2972
37. A.I. Smith, H.V. Wladkowski, Z.H. Hecht, Y. She, S. Kattel, P.I. Samarawickrama,
S.R. Rich, J.R. Murphy, J. Tian, J.F. Ackerman, W.D. Rice, E.B. Hulley and B.M. Leonard
(2020) “Alkali Metal Intercalation and Reduction of Layered WO2Cl2” Chemistry of Materials,
32 (24), 10482-10488
36. Tannir, S., Levintov, L., Townley, M. A., Leonard, B. M., Kubelka, J., Vashisth,
H., Varga, K., Balaz, M. (2020). Functional Nanoassemblies with Mirror-Image Chiroptical
Properties Templated by a Single Homochiral DNA Strand. Chemistry of Materials, 32
(6) 2272-2281
35. Harris, D., Budhi, S., She, Y., Henry, J., & Leonard, B. M. (2019). Biomass derived
metal carbide catalysts formed using a salt flux synthesis. Materials Research Express,
6(11).
34. Schmuecker, S. M., Clouser, D., Kraus, T. J., & Leonard, B. M. (2017). Synthesis
of metastable chromium carbide nanomaterials and their electrocatalytic activity for
the hydrogen evolution reaction. Dalton Transactions, 46(39), 13524–13530.
33. Stacy, J., Yost, A. J., Regmi, Y. N., Leonard, B., Chien, T. Y., & Fan, M. (2017).
A Facile Synthesis of Highly Stable Modified Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Oxygen
Reduction Reaction Catalysts. ChemistrySelect, 2(5), 1932–1938.
32. Hilman, J., Yost, A. J., Tang, J., Leonard, B., & Chien, T. Y. (2017). Low temperature
growth of CuO nanowires through direct oxidation. Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects,
11, 124–128.
31. Stacy, J., Regmi, Y. N., Leonard, B., & Fan, M. (2017). The recent progress and
future of oxygen reduction reaction catalysis: A review. Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews, 69, 401–414.
30. Varga, K., Tannir, S., Haynie, B. E., Leonard, B. M., Dzyuba, S. V., Kubelka,
J., & Balaz, M. (2017). CdSe Quantum Dots Functionalized with Chiral, Thiol-Free Carboxylic
Acids: Unraveling Structural Requirements for Ligand-Induced Chirality. ACS Nano,
11(10), 9846–9853.
29. Leonard, B. M., Waetzig, G. R., Clouser, D. A., Schmuecker, S. M., Harris, D.
P., Stacy, J. M., Duffee, K. D., Wan, C. (2016). Salt flux synthesis of single and
bimetallic carbide nanowires. Materials Research Express, 3(7), 074002.
28. Saha, S., Martin, B., Leonard, B., & Li, D. (2016). Probing synergetic effects
between platinum nanoparticles deposited: Via atomic layer deposition and a molybdenum
carbide nanotube support through surface characterization and device performance.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 4(23), 9253–9265.
27. Choi, J. K., Haynie, B. E., Tohgha, U., Pap, L., Elliott, K. W., Leonard, B. M.,
Dzyuba, S., Varga, K., Kubelka, J., Balaz, M. (2016). Chirality Inversion of CdSe
and CdS Quantum Dots without Changing the Stereochemistry of the Capping Ligand. ACS
Nano, 10(3), 3809–3815.
26. Regmi, Y. N., Wan, C., Duffee, K. D., & Leonard, B. M. (2015). Nanocrystalline
Mo2C as a Bifunctional Water Splitting Electrocatalyst. ChemCatChem, 7(23), 3911–3915.
25. Regmi, Y. N., Waetzig, G. R., Duffee, K. D., Schmuecker, S. M., Thode, J. M.,
& Leonard, B. M. (2015). Carbides of group IVA, VA and VIA transition metals as alternative
HER and ORR catalysts and support materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3(18),
10085–10091.
24. Schmuecker, S. M., & Leonard, B. M. (2015). Formation mechanism of nanostructured
metal carbides via salt-flux synthesis. Inorganic Chemistry, 54(8), 3889–3895.
23. Wan, C., & Leonard, B. M. (2015). Iron-Doped Molybdenum Carbide Catalyst with
High Activity and Stability for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Chemistry of Materials,
27(12), 4281–4288.
22. Saha, S. R., Witters, Z. E., Leonard, B. M., & Li, D. (2015). Surface Characterization
and Platinum-like Electrocatalytic Activity of Nano-Scale Platinum Deposited on Transition
Metal Carbide Nanotubes via Atomic Layer Deposition. In ECS Transactions (Vol. 69,
pp. 77–89).
21. Wan, C., Regmi, Y. N., & Leonard, B. M. (2014). Multiple phases of molybdenum
carbide as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Angewandte Chemie
- International Edition, 53(25), 6407–6410.
20. Regmi, Y. N., & Leonard, B. M. (2014). General synthesis method for bimetallic
carbides of group VIIIA first row transition metals with molybdenum and tungsten.
Chemistry of Materials, 26(8), 2609–2616.
19. Sargsyan, G., Leonard, B. M., Kubelka, J., & Balaz, M. (2014). Supramolecular
ssDNA templated porphyrin and metalloporphyrin nanoassemblies with tunable helicity.
Chemistry - A European Journal, 20(7), 1878–1892.
18. Tohgha, U., Deol, K. K., Porter, A. G., Bartko, S. G., Choi, J. K., Leonard, B.
M., Varga, K., Kubelka, J., Muller, G. Balaz, M. (2013). Ligand induced circular dichroism
and circularly polarized luminescence in cdse quantum dots. ACS Nano, 7(12), 11094–11102.
17. Ruddy, D. A., Reid, O. G., Leonard, B. M., Pylypenko, S., & Neale, N. R. (2013).
Non-aqueous thermolytic route to oxynitride photomaterials using molecular precursors
Ti(OtBu)4 and N≡Mo(OtBu) 3. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(45), 14066–14070.
16. Wan, C., Knight, N. A., & Leonard, B. M. (2013). Crystal structure and morphology
control of molybdenum carbide nanomaterials synthesized from an amine-metal oxide
composite. Chemical Communications, 49(88), 10409–10411.
15. Dutcher, B., Fan, M., & Leonard, B. (2011). Use of multifunctional nanoporous
TiO(OH)2 for catalytic NaHCO3 decomposition-eventually for Na2CO 3/NaHCO3 based CO2
separation technology. Separation and Purification Technology, 80(2), 364–374.
14. Dutcher, B., Fan, M., Leonard, B., Dyar, M. D., Tang, J., Speicher, E. A., Liu,
P., Zhang, Y. (2011). Use of nanoporous FeOOH as a catalytic support for NaHCO3 decomposition
aimed at reduction of energy requirement of Na2CO 3/NaHCO3 based CO2 separation technology.
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115(31), 15532–15544.
13. Leonard, B. M., Zhou, Q., Wu, D., & Disalvo, F. J. (2011). Facile synthesis of
PtNi intermetallic nanoparticles: Influence of reducing agent and precursors on electrocatalytic
activity. Chemistry of Materials, 23(5), 1136–1146.
12. Miura, A., Lowe, M., Leonard, B. M., Subban, C. V., Masubuchi, Y., Kikkawa, S.,
Dronskowski, R., Hennig, R. G., Abruña, H. D., Disalvo, F. J. (2011). Silver delafossite
nitride, AgTaN2? Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 184(1), 7–11.
11. Reckeweg, O., Schulz, A., Leonarda, B., & DiSalvo, F. J. (2010). Single-crystal
X-ray diffraction study of Na[OCN] at 170 K and its vibrational spectra. Zeitschrift
Fur Naturforschung - Section B Journal of Chemical Sciences, 65(4), 528–532.
10. Ghosh, T., Leonard, B. M., Zhou, Q., & Disalvo, F. J. (2010). Pt alloy and intermetallic
phases with V, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu: Synthesis as nanomaterials and possible applications
as fuel cell catalysts. Chemistry of Materials, 22(7), 2190–2202.
9.Subban, C., Zhou, Q., Leonard, B., Ranjan, C., Edvenson, H. M., DiSalvo, F. J.,
Munie, S., Hunting, J. (2010). Catalyst supports for polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering
Sciences, 368(1923), 3243–3253.
8. Leonard, B. M., Anderson, M. E., Oyler, K. D., Phan, T. H., & Schaak, R. E. (2009).
Orthogonal reactivity of metal and multimetal nanostructures for selective, stepwise,
and spatially-controlled solid-state modification. ACS Nano, 3(4), 940–948.
7. Miura, A., Wang, H., Leonard, B. M., Abruña, H. D., & DiSalvo, F. J. (2009). Synthesis
of intermetallic PtZn nanoparticles by reaction of Pt nanoparticles with Zn vapor
and their application as fuel cell catalysts. Chemistry of Materials, 21(13), 2661–2667.
6. Dawood, F., Leonard, B. M., & Schaak, R. E. (2007). Oxidative transformation of
intermetallic nanoparticles: An alternative pathway to metal/oxide nanocomposites,
textured ceramics, and nanocrystalline multimetal. Chemistry of Materials, 19(18),
4545–4550.
5. Leonard, B. M., & Schaak, R. E. (2006). Multistep solution-mediated formation of
AuCuSn2: Mechanistic insights for the guided design of intermetallic solid-state materials
and complex multimetal nanocrystals. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128(35),
11475–11482.
4. Aakeröy, C. B., Deeper, J., Leonard, B., & Urbina, J. F. (2005). Toward high-yielding
supramolecular synthesis: Directed assembly of ditopic imidazoles/benzimidazoles and
dicarboxylic acids into cocrystals via selective O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. Crystal Growth
and Design, 5(3), 865–873.
3. Schaak, R. E., Sra, A. K., Leonard, B. M., Cable, R. E., Bauer, J. C., Han, Y.
F., Means, J., Teizer, W., Vasquez, Y., Funck, E. S. (2005). Metallurgy in a beaker:
Nanoparticle toolkit for the rapid low-temperature solution synthesis of functional
multimetallic solid-state materials. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127(10),
3506–3515.
2. Leonard, B. M., Bhuvanesh, N. S. P., & Schaak, R. E. (2005). Low-temperature polyol
synthesis of AuCuSn2 and AuNiSn 2: Using solution chemistry to access ternary intermetallic
compounds as nanocrystals. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127(20), 7326–7327.
1. Schaak, R. E., Cable, R. E., Leonard, B. M., & Norris, B. C. (2004). Colloidal
crystal microarrays and two-dimensional superstructures: A versatile approach for
patterned surface assembly. Langmuir, 20(17), 7293–7297.
